Hand hygiene is one of the most effective, simple and cost-effective measures in the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). On World Hand Hygiene Day, observed annually on 5 May under the auspices of the World Health Organization, the importance of this practice is reinforced as a fundamental pillar of patient safety and the quality of care provided.
From a microbiological perspective, the hands of healthcare professionals represent the main vehicle for the cross-transmission of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. Transient flora, acquired through contact with contaminated surfaces or with the patient, can be easily removed through proper hand hygiene, thereby interrupting the chain of infection transmission. Studies demonstrate that consistent adherence to recommended practices significantly reduces the incidence of nosocomial infections, as well as associated morbidity, mortality and costs.
The World Health Organization defines the “5 Moments for Hand Hygiene” as an international reference: before patient contact, before clean/aseptic procedures, after the risk of exposure to body fluids, after patient contact, and after contact with the patient’s surroundings. The implementation of this structured approach, combined with the availability of alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHR), has shown significant improvements in healthcare professionals’ compliance.
Beyond technical compliance, the promotion of an institutional culture of safety is crucial. Multimodal strategies, including continuous training, audits with feedback, visible leadership and awareness campaigns, are recommended by bodies such as the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Education of professionals, patients and visitors should emphasise not only the “how” but also the “why” of hand hygiene, fostering sustainable behaviours.
It is also important to note that, in the context of emerging threats, hand hygiene plays a critical role in mitigating the spread of pathogens at both community and hospital levels.
In summary, hand hygiene is an essential clinical act, supported by robust scientific evidence, that saves lives. Individual and collective commitment to this practice must be continuous, and World Hand Hygiene Day represents a valuable opportunity to reinforce awareness and professional responsibility.
5, May 2026