Semen allergy is an uncommon but real reaction to the proteins present in semen. It affects almost exclusively women and can appear at any age, even during the first sexual intercourse. Because the symptoms can resemble other common vaginal conditions, it is often underdiagnosed.
Because the symptoms can resemble other common vaginal conditions, it is often underdiagnosed. Semen allergy can manifest in two main ways.
The most common is a localised reaction, causing burning, itching, swelling or pain in the vaginal area a few minutes after contact with semen. The second, less common, is a systemic reaction, which may lead to hives (itchy patches), swelling, wheezing, difficulty breathing, nausea or even anaphylaxis. In both situations, symptoms disappear completely when a condom is used – an important clue that seminal proteins are responsible.
Although the cause is not fully understood, some women develop an IgE-mediated allergy (typical of immediate allergic reactions), while others experience non-IgE mechanisms, more closely related to changes in the skin barrier. Diagnosis is based mainly on clinical history and may include skin testing with the partner’s semen.
There are treatment options for this condition. Using condoms prevents symptoms effectively, and for couples wishing to conceive, allergists can perform allergen desensitisation, a safe procedure that allows the body to progressively tolerate semen. Most women are able to conceive naturally after treatment.
Semen allergy does not cause infertility, but discomfort or fear of symptoms may make sexual intercourse more difficult. As mentioned, it is a very uncommon condition, but if you suspect it, speak to an immunologist or gynaecologist. Effective treatments exist, and the prognosis is generally very positive.
3, December 2025
