Valvular Diseases

Valvular diseases are conditions that affect the heart valves, which are responsible for regulating blood flow between the chambers of the heart and the major vessels. When these valves do not open or close properly, a series of cardiovascular complications can occur. The most common valvular diseases affect the aortic and mitral valves and can result in symptoms such as shortness of breath, pain, and arrhythmias. If left untreated, they can lead to serious conditions such as myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death.

The causes of valvular diseases include rheumatic fever, degenerative diseases, endocarditis, congenital malformations, trauma, and conditions such as hypertension and coronary artery disease. The ageing of the valves also contributes to their wear and tear, becoming more frequent with increased longevity. The presence of infections, such as those caused by dental infections, can worsen the condition, especially in individuals with already altered valves.

The diagnosis of valvular diseases is made through heart auscultation and complementary tests, such as echocardiography, which help define the severity of the disease. Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and prevent complications, with the use of medications such as anticoagulants and antibiotics. In more severe cases, surgery to repair or replace the valves may be necessary, which can be performed through minimally invasive methods.