Haemangioma

Haemangiomas are benign tumoural formations of capillaries and blood vessels. They appear on the skin as red or purplish spots or lumps. While they may represent only cosmetic concerns, those present from birth can be more extensive and may lead to bleeding, coagulation disorders, or compression of neighbouring organs. Malignant transformation of a haemangioma is extremely rare.

Most haemangiomas resolve spontaneously over time, but in some cases, treatment may be required if they cause problems such as visual obstruction or breathing difficulties.

There are two main types of haemangiomas: capillary (superficial) and cavernous (deep), and some may have characteristics of both. Superficial haemangiomas are more visible and often located on the face, scalp, or back. Cavernous haemangiomas develop deeper in the skin and may appear blue or purple.

Although the exact cause of haemangiomas is not fully understood, factors such as genetics and exposure to certain proteins during pregnancy may contribute. Diagnosis is made through physical examination and, when necessary, complementary tests such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment depends on severity and location, ranging from monitoring to surgical intervention in more complex cases.