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Unscheduled Medical Care

Herniated Discs

Hérnias discais


 

A herniated disc is a condition that affects the spine, particularly the lumbar and cervical regions, and is often associated with localized pain that radiates to the limbs depending on its location. It involves damage to the intervertebral disc, which serves as a cushion between the vertebrae. When the disc degenerates or ruptures, its inner gel-like material can compress nearby nerves, causing pain.

Herniated discs can result from various factors, with aging being one of the main causes. Other contributing factors include:

Repetitive strain: Movements involving heavy lifting, excessive twisting, or poor posture can damage discs.

Trauma or injury: Accidents, falls, or strong impacts can rupture an intervertebral disc.

Genetics: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition that makes their discs more vulnerable.

Obesity: Excess weight increases pressure on the spine, accelerating disc degeneration.

Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity weakens spinal muscles, increasing the risk of disc injury.

Symptoms vary depending on the location and severity of nerve compression. Common signs include severe localized pain in the affected area, radiating pain (such as sciatica), tingling or numbness, and muscle weakness, which may affect simple activities like raising a leg or holding objects. In severe cases, reflex loss may occur in the affected limbs.

Diagnosis involves a detailed clinical assessment, including physical exams where the doctor tests movement, palpation, muscle strength, and tendon reflexes to identify the affected area. Imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans are used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the herniation. MRI is the most effective tool for accurately visualizing the extent of the injury and nerve compression.

Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms, promote recovery, and prevent complications when necessary. Approaches range from conservative treatments to surgical interventions, depending on the condition's severity.

Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs, pain relievers, and muscle relaxants help manage pain and inflammation.

Physical therapy: Strengthening spinal muscles, improving posture, and relieving pressure on the discs are key therapeutic elements.

If these treatments don’t provide significant relief or complications arise, such as loss of muscle function or bladder and bowel control, surgery may be indicated. Common procedures include:

Microdiscectomy: Removal of part of the damaged disc to relieve nerve compression. This minimally invasive technique allows for quicker recovery.

Discectomy: Complete removal of the disc and possible spinal fusion.

Although not all herniated discs can be prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk. Maintaining good posture, especially when lifting heavy objects or sitting for prolonged periods, is essential. Regular exercise to strengthen the abdominal and lower back muscles helps stabilize the spine. Avoiding improper lifting techniques, such as bending the back, and using proper techniques (e.g., bending the knees and keeping the back straight) is crucial. Additionally, maintaining a healthy weight reduces pressure on the spine and discs.

While herniated discs can significantly impact quality of life, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help most patients find relief from symptoms and achieve full recovery. HPA Saúde has a team of specialists and cutting-edge resources to treat herniated discs with maximum safety and effectiveness, providing personalized care to each patient.

 

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